Eab Aircraft - The Northrop Grumman (formerly Grumman) EA-6B Prowler is a twin-engine, four-seat, mid-wing fighter jet derived from the A-6 Intruder airframe. The EA-6A is the first electronic warfare version of the A-6 used by the US Marine Corps and the US Navy. Development of the larger EA-6B began in 1966. An EA-6B crew consisted of a pilot and three electronic controllers, although it was not uncommon for missions to use only two ECMOs. still. It can carry and launch anti-radiation missiles (ARM), such as the AGM-88 HARM.
Prowler served the US Armed Forces from 1971 to 2019. It carried out many missions to target US radar systems and collect radio intelligence on these US air defense systems. Since the retirement of the US Air Force's EF-111 Rav electronic warfare aircraft in 1998, the EA-6B has been the only dedicated EW aircraft for missions with the US Navy, US Marine Corps and the US Air Force until the submission of the EA of the Navy. -18G Growler in 2009 By. After its final delivery in late 2014, the EA-6B was retired from the US Navy in June 2015, followed by the US Marine Corps in March 2019.
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The EA-6A "Electric Raider" was developed for the US Marine Corps in the 1960s to replace its EF-10B Sky Knights. The EA-6A is a direct conversion of the standard A-6 Raider airframe with two seats and equipped with electronic warfare (EW) equipment. The EA-6A was used by three Marine Corps squadrons during the Vietnam War. A total of 27 EA-6As were built, 15 of which were new builds.
Most of these EA-6As were retired in the 1970s, the last of which were used by the Navy's two attack "aggressor" forces, and all models were retired in the 1990s .
The redesigned and more advanced EA-6B debuted in 1966 as a replacement for the US Navy's EKA-3B Skywarriors. The fuselage was extended forward to create a larger section aft of the four-seat cockpit, and a radome was added to the top of its vertical stabilizer.
The Prowler first flew on May 25, 1968, and entered service on an aircraft carrier in July 1971.
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Three EA-6B prototypes were converted from the A-6A, and five EA-6Bs were planned. A total of 170 EA-6B production aircraft were built from 1966 to 1991.
The EA-6B Prowler is powered by two Pratt & Whitney J52 turbojets capable of reaching high subsonic speeds. Due to its extensive electronic warfare functions and the age of the aircraft (operation until 1991), the EA-6B is a high-maintenance aircraft and its equipment is often updated. Although designed as an electronic warfare and command and control aircraft for air attack missions, the EA-6B can also attack some ground targets on its own, including US radar stations and including surface-to-air missile launchers. Additionally, the EA-6B can collect electronic signal information.
The EA-6B Prowler has been upgraded over the years. The first expansion was called "Extended Capabilities" (EXCAP) from 1973. In 1976 came Improvement Capabilities (ICAP) and in 1980 came ICAP II. The ICAP II upgrade provides the EA-6B with the ability to fire the Shrike missile and the AGM-88 HARM missile.
Advanced Capability EA-6B Prowler (ADVCAP) is a development program to improve the flight characteristics of the EA-6B and improve the avionics and electronic warfare systems. The plan was to convert all EA-6Bs to the ADVCAP configuration, but the program was removed from the FY 1995 budget due to funding constraints from competing DoD programs.
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The ADVCAP development program began in the late 80's with three distinct phases: Full Development (FSD), Vehicle Assistance Program (VEP) and Avionics Improvement Program (AIP).
The FSD was first used to evaluate the new AN/ALQ-149 electronic warfare system. The project used an EA-6B that was slightly modified to incorporate the new system.
The VEP made significant changes to the aircraft to address the flight characteristics of the earlier EA-6B, particularly the side flap that hindered recovery from a zero takeoff. Use business number 158542. Changes include:
The new changes increased the total aircraft weight by about 2,000 lb (910 kg) and moved the center of gravity 3% MAC aft from the baseline EA-6B. In the first models, the fuel movement can further change the CG if operating at high angles of attack, resulting in the aircraft stalling. Flight tests of the new configuration have shown that flight characteristics are greatly improved with less impact from the rearward shift of the center of gravity.
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The AIP prototype (Bureau No. 158547) features the final ADVCAP configuration, including FSD and VEP modifications and an all-new avionics assembly that integrates multi-function displays, HUD pilot and dual global navigation system. The first joint test phase between the contractor and the US Navy test pilots was completed successfully with minimal failures.
After the program was terminated, three experimental Prowlers, BuNo 156482, 158542 and 158547, were maintained until 1999. In the following years, the three aircraft were separated and reassembled into one aircraft, b/n 158542, known to the Navy as the "Frank Prowler". He returned to service on 23 March 2005.
Northrop Grumman awarded US Navy contract to equip Prowler squadrons with new electronic controllers; the core of each ICAP III unit will have ALQ-218 receiver and additional software to provide accurate selection. The ICAP III unit is also equipped with a Multifunction Information Distribution System (MIDS), which has a data link system Link 16. Northrop offers two sets and began to produce two more sets starting in 2010.
The EA-6B Prowler served the end of its life as an ICAP III version with the ALQ-99 tactical jamming system.
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Designed for shipboard and advanced base operations, the EA-6B is an integrated electronic warfare system that combines long-range, omnidirectional capabilities and advanced electronic countermeasures.
The new avionics are the forward equipment carriage and pod-type on the vertical stabilizer housing. It is the first electric combat aircraft of the US Navy and US Marine Corps. The primary mission of the EA-6B is to support the attack by engaging in electromagnetic activity. As a secondary mission, it can gather electronic intelligence in the theater, and another secondary mission is to attack US radar stations with anti-radiation missiles.
The Prowler has four crew, a pilot and three electro-mechanical (ECMO) operators. It was powered by two Pratt & Whitney J52-P-408A turbojet afterburner engines, reaching a speed of 590 mph (950 km/h) and a range of 1,140 miles (1,840 km).
Design details include a unique, right-facing intake manifold to improve the driver's visibility of the A-6. It has an antenna near its base. The canopy has a golden shade to protect the crew from radio emissions produced by electronic warfare equipment.
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The EA-6B entered service with Fleet Replacement Squadron VAQ-129 in September 1970, and Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 132 (VAQ-132) became the first operational squadron in July 1971. A few months later the The squadron began its first attack on Vietnam on US 11, followed by VAQ-131 on Terprise and VAQ-134 on Constellation.
Two EA-6B Prowler squadrons flew 720 sorties during the Vietnam War in support of US Navy attack aircraft and US Air Force B-52 aircraft.
Prowler aboard the USS Saratoga (CV-60) provided ESM support during the downing of an EgyptAir 737 carrying four hijackers on October 10, 1985 following the Achille Lauro hijacking.
During Operation El Dorado Canyon in April 1986, Prowlers jammed Libyan radars. Pilots of VAQ-135 aboard USS Terprise (CVN-65) intercepted Iranian ground control intercept radar, surface-to-air missile guidance radar and communications systems during Operation Mantis on 18 April 1988.
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In 1991, 39 EA-6B Prowlers participated in Operation Desert Storm, 27 from six air bases and 12 from US Marine Corps bases. In 4,600 flight hours, the Prowler fired more than 150 HARM missiles. The Navy Prowlers flew 1 attack, 132 airs, and the US Marines flew 516 airs without loss.
With the retirement of the EF-111 Rav in 1998, the EA-6B became the dedicated radar jammer for the US Armed Forces until the Navy's EA-18G Growler was deployed in 2009. It was discontinued. The EA-6B was part of US military operations from 1972 to 2019 and is often flown in support of US Air Force missions.
The EA-6B takes off from Eielson Air Force Base. Note the golden hue of the canopy for shielding and protection from EMI radiation
In 2001, there were 124 Prowlers assigned to 12 Navy, 4 Marine Corps, and 4 joint Navy-Air "expeditionary" squadrons. A staff study of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) recommends the retirement of the EF-111 Rav to reduce the number of types of aircraft dedicated to the same mission.
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